The UK's Telegraph (4/28, Alleyne) reported that, according to a study published in the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal, "high levels of phosphate in sodas and processed foods accelerate the ageing process in mice and contribute to age-associated complications." Specifically, "high phosphate levels may...increase the prevalence and severity of age-related complications, such as chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular calcification, and can also induce severe muscle and skin atrophy." Harvard researchers came to these conclusions after conducting a series of experiments in mice, some of which were "missing a gene (klotho), which when absent, causes mice to have toxic levels of phosphate in their bodies."